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The hero-narrator of THE CATCHER IN THE RYE is an ancient child of sixteen, a native New Yorker named Holden Caulfield. Through circumstances that tend to preclude adult, secondhand description, he leaves his prep school in Pennsylvania and goes underground in New York City for three days. The boy himself is at once too simple and too complex for us to make any final comment about him or his story. Perhaps the safest thing we can say about Holden is that he was born in the world not just strongly attracted to beauty but, almost, hopelessly impaled on it. There are many voices in this novel: children's voices, adult voices, underground voices-but Holden's voice is the most eloquent of all. Transcending his own vernacular, yet remaining marvelously faithful to it, he issues a perfectly articulated cry of mixed pain and pleasure. However, like most lovers and clowns and poets of the higher orders, he keeps most of the pain to, and for, himself. The pleasure he gives away, or sets aside, with all his heart. It is there for the reader who can handle it to keep.

从第二次世界大战结束到今天的当代美国文学中，有一部小说经过三十多年时间的考验，已被认为是“现代经典”，这本书就是《麦田里的守望者》。它之所以受到重视，不仅是由于作者创造了一种新颖的艺术风格，通过第一人称以青少年的说话口吻叙述全书，更重要了资本主义社会精神文明的实质。人活着除了物质生活外，还要有精神生活，而且在一个比较富裕的社会里，精神生活往往比物质生活更为重要。
《麦田里的守望者》的主人公是16岁的中学生霍尔顿考尔德，他是当代美国文学中最早出现的反英雄形象之一。霍尔顿出身中纽约一个富裕的中产阶级家庭，学校里的老师和自己的家长强迫他好好读书，为的是出人头地，以便将来买辆凯迪拉克，而在学校里一天到晚干的，就是谈女人，酒和性。他看不惯周围的一切，根本没心思用功读书，因而老是挨罚。到他第四次被开除时，他不敢回家，便只身在美国最繁华的纽约城游荡了一天两夜，住小客店，逛夜总会滥交女友他在电影院里百无聊赖地消磨时光，糊里糊涂地召了妓女，情不自禁的与虚荣的女友搂搂抱抱。与此同时，他的内心又十分苦闷，企图逃出虚伪的成人世界去寻批纯洁与真理的经历与感受。这种精神上无法调和的极度矛盾最终令他彻底崩溃，躺倒在精神病院里。